<sect1 id="Text_Widget_Actions">
<title>Text Widget Actions</title>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
<indexterm><primary>Text widget</primary><secondary>actions</secondary></indexterm>
<!-- .XS -->
<!--      Actions Supported by all Text Widgets -->
<!-- .XE -->
<indexterm significance="preferred"><primary>Text widget</primary><secondary>actions</secondary></indexterm>

All editing functions are performed by translation manager actions that may
be specified through the <function>translations</function> resource in the Text widget.
</para>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
<!-- .sp -->
<literallayout class="monospaced">
<!-- .TA .5i 2.5i 3i -->
<!-- .ta .5i 2.5i 3i -->
Insert Point Movement     Delete
     forward-character         delete-next-character
     backward-character        delete-previous-character
     forward-word              delete-next-word
     backward-word             delete-previous-word
     forward-paragraph         delete-selection
     backward-paragraph
     beginning-of-line
     end-of-line          Selection
     next-line                 select-word
     previous-line             select-all
     next-page                 select-start
     previous-page             select-adjust
     beginning-of-file         select-end
     end-of-file               extend-start
     scroll-one-line-up        extend-adjust
     scroll-one-line-down      extend-end
                               insert-selection


Miscellaneous             New Line
     redraw-display            newline-and-indent
     insert-file               newline-and-backup
     insert-char               newline
     insert-string
     display-caret
     focus-in             Kill
     focus-in                  kill-word
     search                    backward-kill-word
     multiply                  kill-selection
     form-paragraph            kill-to-end-of-line
     transpose-characters      kill-paragraph
     no-op                     kill-to-end-of-paragraph
     XawWMProtocols
     reconnect-im
</literallayout>
<!-- .sp -->
</para>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
Most of the actions take no arguments, and unless otherwise noted you
may assume this to be the case.
</para>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
</para>
<sect2 id='Cursor_Movement_Actions'>
<title>Cursor Movement Actions</title>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
<!-- .sp -->
<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      forward-character()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<!-- .br -->
<!-- .ns -->
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      backward-character()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
These actions move the insert point forward or backward one character in
the buffer.  If the insert point is at the end or beginning of a line
this action will move the insert point to the next (or previous) line.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      forward-word()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<!-- .br -->
<!-- .ns -->
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      backward-word()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
These actions move the insert point to the next or previous word boundary.
A word boundary is defined as a Space, Tab or Carriage Return.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      forward-paragraph()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<!-- .br -->
<!-- .ns -->
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      backward-paragraph()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
These actions move the insert point to the next or previous paragraph boundary.
A paragraph boundary is defined as two Carriage Returns in a row with only
Spaces or Tabs between them.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      beginning-of-line()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<!-- .br -->
<!-- .ns -->
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      end-of-line()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
These actions move to the beginning or end of the current line.  If the
insert point is already at the end or beginning of the line then no action is taken.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      next-line()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<!-- .br -->
<!-- .ns -->
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      previous-line()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
These actions move the insert point up or down one line.  If the insert
point is currently N characters from the beginning of the line then it
will be N characters from the beginning of the next or previous line.
If N is past the end of the line, the insert point is placed at the end
of the line.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      next-page()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<!-- .br -->
<!-- .ns -->
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      previous-page()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
These actions move the insert point up or down one page in the file.
One page is defined as the current height of the text widget.  The
insert point is always placed at the first character of the top line by
this action.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      beginning-of-file()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<!-- .br -->
<!-- .ns -->
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      end-of-file()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
These actions place the insert point at the beginning or end of the
current text buffer.  The text widget is then scrolled the minimum
amount necessary to make the new insert point location visible.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      scroll-one-line-up()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<!-- .br -->
<!-- .ns -->
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      scroll-one-line-down()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
These actions scroll the current text field up or down by one line.
They do not move the insert point.  Other than the scrollbars this is
the only way that the insert point may be moved off of the visible text
area.  The widget will be scrolled so that the insert point is back on
the screen as soon as some other action is executed.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Delete_Actions">
<title>Delete Actions</title>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
<!-- .sp -->
<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      delete-next-character()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<!-- .br -->
<!-- .ns -->
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      delete-previous-character()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
These actions remove the character immediately before or after the
insert point.  If a Carriage Return is removed then the next line is
appended to the end of the current line.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      delete-next-word()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<!-- .br -->
<!-- .ns -->
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      delete-previous-word()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
These actions remove all characters between the insert point location and
the next word boundary.  A word boundary is defined as a Space, Tab or
Carriage Return.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      delete-selection()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action removes all characters in the current selection.
The selection can be set with the selection actions.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Selection_Actions">
<title>Selection Actions</title>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
<!-- .sp -->
<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      select-word()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action selects the word in which the insert point is currently located.
If the insert point is between words then it will select the previous word.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      select-all()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action selects the entire text buffer.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      select-start()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action sets the insert point to the current pointer location (if
triggered by a button event) or text cursor location (if triggered by
a key event).  It
will then begin a selection at this location.  If many of these
selection actions occur quickly in succession then the selection count
mechanism will be invoked (see
<xref linkend="Text_Selections_for_Application_Programmers"/>
for details).
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      select-adjust()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action allows a selection started with the <emphasis remap='I'>select-start</emphasis>
action to be modified, as described above.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      select-end(<emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis>[,<emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis>,...])
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action ends a text selection that began with the <emphasis remap='I'>select-start</emphasis>
action, and asserts ownership of the selection or selections specified.
A <emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis> can be a selection (e.g., <function>PRIMARY</function>) or a cut buffer
(e.g., <function>CUT_BUFFER0</function>).  Note that case is important.  If no
<emphasis remap='I'>names</emphasis> are specified, <function>PRIMARY</function> is asserted.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      extend-start()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action finds the nearest end of the current selection, and moves it
to the current pointer location (if triggered by a button event) or text
cursor location (if triggered by a key event).
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      extend-adjust()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action allows a selection started with an <emphasis remap='I'>extend-start</emphasis> action
to be modified.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      extend-end(<emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis>[,<emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis>,...])
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action ends a text selection that began with the <emphasis remap='I'>extend-start</emphasis>
action, and asserts ownership of the selection or selections specified.
A <emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis> can be a selection (e.g. <function>PRIMARY</function>) or a cut buffer
(e.g <function>CUT_BUFFER0</function>).  Note that case is important.  If no names are
given, <function>PRIMARY</function> is asserted.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      insert-selection(<emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis>[,<emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis>,...])
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action retrieves the value of the first (left-most) named selection
that exists or the cut buffer that is not empty and inserts it into the
Text widget at the current insert point location. A <emphasis remap='I'>name</emphasis> can be a
selection (e.g. <function>PRIMARY</function>) or a cut buffer (e.g <function>CUT_BUFFER0</function>).
Note that case is important.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="The_New_Line_Actions">
<title>The New Line Actions</title>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
<!-- .sp -->
<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      newline-and-indent()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action inserts a newline into the text and adds spaces to
that line to indent it to match the previous line.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      newline-and-backup()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action inserts a newline into the text <emphasis remap='I'>after</emphasis> the insert point.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      newline()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action inserts a newline into the text <emphasis remap='I'>before</emphasis> the insert point.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Kill_and_Actions">
<title>Kill and Actions</title>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
<!-- .sp -->
<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      kill-word()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<!-- .br -->
<!-- .ns -->
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      backward-kill-word()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
These actions act exactly like the <emphasis remap='I'>delete-next-word</emphasis> and
<emphasis remap='I'>delete-previous-word</emphasis> actions, but they stuff the word that was
killed into the kill buffer (<function>CUT_BUFFER_1</function>).
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      kill-selection()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action deletes the current selection and stuffs the deleted text into
the kill buffer (<function>CUT_BUFFER_1</function>).
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      kill-to-end-of-line()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action deletes the entire line to the right of the insert point position,
and stuffs the deleted text into the kill buffer (<function>CUT_BUFFER_1</function>).
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      kill-paragraph()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action deletes the current paragraph, if between paragraphs it deletes
the paragraph above the insert point, and stuffs the deleted text into
the kill buffer (<function>CUT_BUFFER_1</function>).
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      kill-to-end-of-paragraph()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action deletes everything between the current insert point location and
the next paragraph boundary, and stuffs the deleted text into the kill
buffer (<function>CUT_BUFFER_1</function>).
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Miscellaneous_Actions">
<title>Miscellaneous Actions</title>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
<!-- .sp 1 -->
<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      redraw-display()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action recomputes the location of all the text lines on the
display, scrolls the text to vertically center the line containing the insert point
on the screen, clears the entire screen, and redisplays it.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      insert-file([<emphasis remap='I'>filename</emphasis>])
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action activates the insert file popup.  The <emphasis remap='I'>filename</emphasis>
option specifies the default filename to put in the filename buffer of
the popup.  If no <emphasis remap='I'>filename</emphasis> is specified the buffer is empty
at startup.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      insert-char()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action may only be attached to a key event. When the
<function>international</function> resource is <function>false</function>, this action
calls XLookupString to translate the event into a (rebindable) Latin-1
character (sequence) and inserts it into the text at the
insert point.  When the <function>international</function> resource is <function>true</function>,
characters are passed to the input method via XwcLookupString, and any
committed string returned is inserted into the text at the insert point.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      insert-string(<emphasis remap='I'>string</emphasis>[,<emphasis remap='I'>string</emphasis>,...])
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action inserts each <emphasis remap='I'>string</emphasis> into the text
at the insert point location.  Any <emphasis remap='I'>string</emphasis>
beginning with the characters "0x" followed by an even
number of hexadecimal digits is
interpreted as a hexadecimal constant and the
corresponding string is inserted instead.  This
hexadecimal string may represent up to 50 8-bit characters.
 When the<function>international</function> resource is
<function>true</function>, a hexadecimal string is intrepeted as
being in a multi-byte encoding, and a hexadecimal
or regular string will result in an error message
if it is not legal in the current locale.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      display-caret(<emphasis remap='I'>state</emphasis>,<emphasis remap='I'>when</emphasis>)
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action allows the insert point to be turned on and off.
The <emphasis remap='I'>state</emphasis> argument specifies the desired state of the insert point.
This value may be any of the string
values accepted for Boolean resources (e.g. <function>on</function>, <function>True</function>,
<function>off</function>, <function>False</function>, etc.).  If no arguments are specified, the
default value is <function>True</function>.
The <emphasis remap='I'>when</emphasis> argument specifies, for <function>EnterNotify</function> or <function>LeaveNotify</function>
events whether or not the focus field in the event is to be examined.
If the second argument is not specified, or specified as something other
than <function>always</function> then if the action is bound to an  <function>EnterNotify</function>
or <function>LeaveNotify</function> event, the action will be taken only if the focus
field is <function>True</function>.  An augmented binding that might be useful is:
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
<literallayout class="monospaced">
<!-- .TA 2.0i 2.5i 4.0i -->
<!-- .ta 2.0i 2.5i 4.0i -->
     *Text.Translations: #override \\
          &lt;FocusIn&gt;:     display-caret(on) \\n\\
          &lt;FocusOut&gt;:     display-caret(off)
</literallayout>
<variablelist>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      focus-in()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<!-- .br -->
<!-- .ns -->
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      focus-out()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
These actions do not currently do anything.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      search(<emphasis remap='I'>direction</emphasis>,[<emphasis remap='I'>string</emphasis>])
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action activates the search popup.  The <emphasis remap='I'>direction</emphasis> must be
specified as either <function>forward</function> or <function>backward</function>.  The string is
optional and is used as an initial value for the <emphasis remap='I'>Search for</emphasis>: string.
For further explanation of the search widget see the section on
<function>Text Searches</function>.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      multiply(<emphasis remap='I'>value</emphasis>)
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
The multiply action allows the user to multiply the effects of many of
the text actions.  Thus the following action sequence
<emphasis remap='I'>multiply(10) delete-next-word()</emphasis> will delete 10 words.  It does not
matter whether these actions take place in one event or many events.
Using the default translations the key sequence
<emphasis remap='I'>Control-u, Control-d</emphasis> will delete 4 characters.
Multiply actions can be chained, thus
<emphasis remap='I'>multiply(5) multiply(5)</emphasis> is the same as
<emphasis remap='I'>multiply(25)</emphasis>.  If the string
<function>reset</function> is passed to the multiply action the effects of all previous
multiplies are removed and a beep is sent to the display.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      form-paragraph()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action removes all the Carriage Returns from the current
paragraph and reinserts them so that each line is as long as possible, while
still fitting on the current screen.  Lines are broken at word boundaries if
at all possible.  This action currently works only on Text widgets
that use ASCII text.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      transpose-characters()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
This action will swap the position of the character to the left of the
insert point with the character to the right of the insert point.  The insert point will then
be advanced one character.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      no-op([<emphasis remap='I'>action</emphasis>])
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
The no-op action makes no change to the text widget, and is mainly used
to override translations.  This action takes one optional argument.  If
this argument is <emphasis remap='I'>RingBell</emphasis> then a beep is sent to the display.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      XawWMProtocols([<emphasis remap='I'>wm_protocol_name</emphasis>])
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<indexterm><primary>XawWMProtocols</primary></indexterm>
<!-- .sp -->
This action is written specifically for the file insertion and the search
and replace
dialog boxes.  This action is attached to those shells by the Text widget,
in order to handle ClientMessage events with the WM_PROTOCOLS atom in the
detail field.  This action supports WM_DELETE_WINDOW on the Text widget
popups, and may support other window manager protocols if necessary in
the future.  The popup will be dismissed if the window manager sends
a WM_DELETE_WINDOW request and there are no parameters in the action
call, which is the default.  The popup will also be dismissed if the
parameters include the string <quote>wm_delete_window,</quote> and the event is a
ClientMessage event requesting dismissal or is not a ClientMessage event.
This action is not sensitive to the case of the strings passed as parameters.
      </para>
    </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
  <varlistentry>
    <term>
      reconnect-im()
    </term>
    <listitem>
      <para>
<indexterm><primary>Input Method</primary></indexterm>
When the <function>international</function> resource is <function>true</function>,
input is usually passed to an input method, a separate
process, for composing.  Sometimes the connection to
this process gets severed; this action will attempt to
reconnect it.  Causes for severage include network
trouble, and the user explicitly killing one input
method and starting a new one.  This action may also
establish first connection when the application is
started before the input method.
    </para>
  </listitem>
  </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Text_Selections_for_Application_Programmers">
<title>Text Selections for Application Programmers</title>
<indexterm><primary>Text widget</primary><secondary>Text Selections for Application Programmers</secondary></indexterm>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
The default behavior of the text selection array is described in the
section called <function>Text Selections for Users</function>.  To modify the selections
a programmer must construct a <function>XawTextSelectType</function> array (called the
selection array), containing the selections desired, and pass this as
the new value for the <function>selectionTypes</function> resource.  The selection
array may also be modified using the <xref linkend='XawTextSetSelectionArray' xrefstyle='select: title'/>
<indexterm><primary>XawTextSetSelectionArray</primary></indexterm>
function.  All selection arrays must end with the value
<function>XawselectNull</function>.  The <function>selectionTypes</function> resource has no converter
registered and cannot be modified through the resource manager.
</para>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
The array contains a list of entries that will be called when the user
attempts to select text in rapid succession with the <emphasis remap='I'>select-start</emphasis>
action (usually by clicking a pointer button).  The first entry in the
selection array will be used when the <emphasis remap='I'>select-start</emphasis> action is
initially called.  The next entry will be used when <emphasis remap='I'>select-start</emphasis>
is called again, and so on.  If a timeout value (1/10 of a second) is
exceeded, the the next <emphasis remap='I'>select-start</emphasis> action will begin at the top
of the selection array.  When <function>XawselectNull</function> is reached the array
is recycled beginning with the first element.

<informaltable>
  <tgroup cols='2' align='center'>
  <colspec colname='c1'/>
  <colspec colname='c2'/>
  <tbody>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XawselectAll</function></entry>
      <entry>Selects the contents of the entire buffer.</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XawselectChar</function></entry>
      <entry>Selects text characters as the pointer moves over them.</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XawselectLine</function></entry>
      <entry>Selects the entire line.</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XawselectNull</function></entry>
      <entry>Indicates the end of the selection array.</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XawselectParagraph</function></entry>
      <entry>Selects the entire paragraph.</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XawselectPosition</function></entry>
      <entry>Selects the current pointer position.</entry>
    </row>
    <row>
      <entry><function>XawselectWord</function></entry>
      <entry>Selects whole words as the pointer moves onto them.</entry>
    </row>
  </tbody>
  </tgroup>
</informaltable>
</para>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
The default selectType array is:
</para>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
<!-- .sp -->
<literallayout class="monospaced">
{XawselectPosition, XawselectWord, XawselectLine, XawselectParagraph, XawselectAll, XawselectNull}
</literallayout>
<!-- .sp -->
</para>
<para>
<!-- .LP -->
The selection array is not copied by the text widgets.  The
application must allocate space for the array and cannot deallocate or
change it until the text widget is destroyed or until a new selection
array is set.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
